Jack3d

Impact of a Dietary Supplement Containing 1,3-Dimethylamylamine on Blood Pressure and Bloodborne Markers

Impact of a Dietary Supplement Containing 1,3-Dimethylamylamine on Blood Pressure and Bloodborne

Markers of Health - a 10-Week Intervention Study

Warning: This is a information about this study. Complete study about Impact of a Dietary supplement containing 1,3 Dimethylamylamine on Blood pressure and Bloodborne markers of Health, with all information you can read in PDF on this link.

Paul N. Whitehead, Brian K. Schilling, Tyler M. Farney and Richard J. Bloomer

Cardiorespiratory/Metabolic Laboratory, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA.

Corresponding author email: rbloomer@memphis.edu

DMAA and dietary supplements saftey

While somewhat controversial, 1,3-dimethylamylamine has been suggested to be a component of the Pelargonium graveolens plant;1 a simple aliphatic amine2 with sympathomimetic properties. Aside from 1,3-dimethylamylamine, common chemical names cited for this agent include 2-amino-4-methylhexane, 1,3-dimethylpentylamine, methylhexaneamine, and 4-methyl-2-hexylamine. It is also known by the trademarked name geranamine™ (Proviant Technologies, Inc, 2005: US trademark number: 78542697).

The use of 1,3-dimethylamylamine is widespread within the dietary supplement industry, in particular as a component of weight loss and pre-workout products. A recent report published by the Human Performance Resource Center (http://www.humanperformanceresourcecenter.org) provides a detailed listing of close to 100 products believed to contain 1,3-dimethylamylamine. While anecdotal reports of improved exercise performance are common, we are aware of only one published experiment designed to investigate the ergogenic properties of 1,3-dimethylamylamine alone or in combination with caffeine,3 which noted little impact on aerobic exercise performance.

Regardless of actual ergogenic effectiveness, the overall safety of the ingredient needs to be considered. In our recent article in which 1,3-dimethylamylamine was administered alone and in combination with caffeine in a single dosage to healthy men and women,4 we noted that heart rate was unaffected by treatment, but blood pressure was elevated when consuming 1,3-dimethylamylamine—generally in a dose-dependent manner. The peak percent change in systolic (∼20%) and diastolic (∼17%) blood pressure was noted at 60 minutes following ingestion of the combination of 250 mg of caffeine and 75 mg of 1,3-dimethylamylamine.

A second study investigated the blood pressure and heart rate response of 1,3-dimethylamylamine and caffeine alone and in combination (compared to a placebo) in a sample of endurance trained men and women before, during, and following strenuous exercise.3 In this study, heart rate was relatively similar across conditions, and blood pressure was generally highest for caffeine and 1,3-dimethylamylamine alone compared to other conditions.

Research on the use of 1,3-dimethylamylamine in combination with other ingredients within finished products demonstrated first that, in terms of acute changes in blood pressure and heart rate, dietary supplements containing 1,3-dimethylamylamine result in minimal change in heart rate but do increase systolic blood pressure transiently.

Second, in terms of chronic changes in blood pressure and heart rate, we have noted little or no change in resting measures after a two-week5 or eight-week7 intervention.

Third, in terms of chronic changes in bloodborne biomarkers of health and safety, we have noted little or no change in measures after a two-week5 or eight-week7 intervention. Collectively, the above findings indicate relative safety of this ingredient, at least with regard to the included outcome measures.

However, due to the transient increase in systolic blood pressure, the need exists to further evaluate the potential for this agent to raise resting blood pressure following a longer period of chronic intake. The present study sought to extend our prior findings related to the use of 1,3-dimethylamylamine in a combined product by using a 10-week intervention trial to determine the change in selected markers of health and safety in a sample of healthy men.

article source: DMAA Research

Dimethylamylamine powder

What is Dimethylamylamine - (DMAA)?

Dimethylamylamine is a drug made synthetically in a laboratory. It was originally used as a nasal decongestant. Today, dimethylamylamine is sold as a dietary supplement used for attention deficit-hyperactive disorder (ADHD), weight loss, improving athletic performance, and body building.

Some products claim that dimethylamylamine naturally comes from rose geranium oil. Supplements that contain this ingredient sometimes list rose geranium, geranium oil, or geranium stems on the label. However, laboratory analysis shows that this drug probably does not come from this natural source. It is thought that these manufacturers have artificially added this drug to the supplement rather than obtaining it from a natural source. Dimethylamylamine is considered a drug in Canada is not permitted in dietary supplements or natural health products.

Many athletes take dimethylamylamine to improve performance. However, dimethylamylamine was added to the World Anti-Doping Agency’s prohibited substances list for 2010. Therefore, competitive athletes should avoid taking it.

Due to safety concerns, dimethylamylamine has been temporarily removed from military stores in the US. It has also been banned in New Zealand. Its use has been linked to several reports of serious, life-threatening side effects.

How does it work?

Dimethylamylamine is thought to have stimulant effects similar to decongestants such as pseudoephedrine, ephedrine, and others. Some promoters say that it is a safer alternative to ephedrine. However, there is no scientific information to back up this claim.

Dimethylamylamine - Uses

Weight loss.

Athletic performance.

Body building.

Other conditions.

Dimethylamylamine is likely unsafe when taken by mouth. Since it is thought to work like a stimulant, there is concern that it might increase the chance of serious side effects such as rapid heartbeat, increase in blood pressure, and increase the chance of having a heart attack or stroke.

In clinical research, taking a product containing dimethylamylamine plus other ingredients seems to increase heart rate and blood pressure.

There have been several reports of dangerous side effects including stroke, a condition called lactic acidosis, heart attack, and death in people who have taken dimethylamylamine.

Special Precautions & Warnings

Pregnancy and breast-feeding: Not enough is known about the use of dimethylamylamine during pregnancy and breast-feeding. Stay on the safe side and avoid use.

High blood pressure: Dimethylamylamine might have stimulant effects and can increase blood pressure. If you have high blood pressure, avoid taking dimethylamylamine.

Glaucoma: Dimethylamylamine might have stimulant effects and cause blood vessels to constrict. This could worsen some types of glaucoma. If you have glaucoma, avoid taking dimethylamylamine.

Irregular heartbeat (heart arrhythmia): Dimethylamylamine might have stimulant effects and can cause a rapid heartbeat. This could worsen heart arrhythmias.

Surgery: Dimethylamylamine might have stimulant effects, so it might interfere with surgery by increasing heart rate and blood pressure. Stop taking dimethylamylamine at least 2 weeks before a scheduled surgery.

Dimethylamylamine (DMAA) Dosing

The appropriate dose of dimethylamylamine depends on several factors such as the user's age, health, and several other conditions. At this time there is not enough scientific information to determine an appropriate range of doses for dimethylamylamine.

Keep in mind that natural products are not always necessarily safe and dosages can be important. Be sure to follow relevant directions on product labels and consult your pharmacist or physician or other healthcare professional before using.

article source: Webmd

Jack3d powder

The Army removed Jack3d (pronounced jacked) and OxyELITE Pro and other products containing the same active ingredient – DMAA – from all military bases.

DMAA (dimethylamylamine) is promoted to increase workout energy and efficiency. DMAA has been banned by numerous sports organizations, including the international body that regulates Olympic athletes and several professional sports.

DMAA / Jack3d negative side effects include:

- Death

- Heart attack

- Seizure

- Kidney failure

- Liver failure

- Loss of consciousness

- Heart palpitations

USP Labs, LLC a small Texas company, claims the two dietary supplements are safe when taken as directed. Jack3d and OxyELITE Pro are sold online and through GNC vitamin stores and other retail.

Our more restrictive neighbors to the north classified DMAA as a drug. According to Canada’s governmental health agency (Public Health Agency of Canada), companies cannot sell products containing DMAA as a dietary supplement. While USP Labs try to stake claim for Jack3d and OxyELITE Pro as dietary supplements, medical experts in the United States want to classify these products as drugs with more FDA oversight because of the Jack3d negative side effects.

article source: Anapolschwartz

Jack3d

The lure of Jack3d

Jack3d (sometimes known as “Jacked”) is, according to the bottle, a “powerful pre-workout supplement that increases your capacity to perform.” HPRC did an extensive search for evidence-based information on Jack3d and found that all the apparently scientific literature on the product led to its promotional website, where they offer their own reviews. Anyone taking supplements should know that there have been reports about “tainted” dietary supplements containing active ingredients of FDA-approved drugs or other compounds that are not classified as dietary supplements. But there are still testimonials, blog entries, and bodybuilding forums touting the effects of Jack3d. It’s important to know exactly what is in Jack3d and that there isn’t any information on how much of each individual ingredient is in a serving.

The label of Jack3d says that it contains 4145 mg of a “Proprietary Blend” in one scoop, with 45 servings per container.

In that blend are the ingredients:

- arginine alpha-ketoglutarate,

- creatine monohydrate,

- beta alanine,

- caffeine,

- 1,3-dimethylamylamine (geranium [stem]), and

- schizandrol A, as well as some flavoring and color additives.

So, what does this all mean to a consumer? There have been individual studies conducted on each of the ingredients in Jack3d. Some are more effective than others for potentially enhancing athletic performance and building muscle mass. For example, creatine may increase muscle mass and enhance exercise performance during short, high-intensity repeated exercise bouts.

We know that 1,3-dimethylamylamine (DMAA), a chemical from the geranium plant and also synthetically made, is used in supplements promoted for weight loss, bodybuilding, and enhanced athletic performance. According to the Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database, it’s thought to have stimulant effects. Its chemical structure is similar to that of amphetamine, and it is on the World Anti-Doping Agency’s banned substance list. No scientific literature exists on the effectiveness of DMAA for weight loss, bodybuilding, or enhanced athletic performance.

Caution is advised on the use of DMAA with caffeine, since both have stimulant effects and could increase the chance of increased heart rate and blood pressure.

The amount of caffeine per scoop of Jack3d has not been released, although it has been estimated that there is less than 150 mg of caffeine/scoop. Caffeine is included on the FDA’s list as a substance “generally recognized as safe.” However, the FDA has established a maximum concentration for caffeine in cola beverages: 32.4 mg per 6 oz or 71 mg per 12 oz. Other than colas, the caffeine content of food and beverages is not regulated.

The label of Jack3d states: “Do not use in combination with caffeine or any stimulants from other sources whatsoever, including but not limited to, coffee, tea, soda and other dietary supplements or medications.” Caffeine seems to increase physical endurance, but it does not seem to affect activities that require high exertion over a short period of time, such as lifting.

The main issue with Jack3d is the same one that exists with many bodybuilding products on the market. There is no way to judge the interaction between the ingredients, especially when the consumer is unable to determine how much of each ingredient is in the product. This product contains multiple ingredients and, potentially, additional and potent ingredients not listed. It also could be contaminated, as has been seen with many other supplements. The FDA has put together information on tainted products promoted for bodybuilding.

It is important to mention that Jack3d comes with serious warnings on its label. As with any supplement, be educated, be advised, and consider all the unknowns before you decide whether the possible benefits are worth risking your health.

article source: HPRC-Online

Claire Squires

When Claire Squires clicked to buy a tub of Jack3D on the internet, she thought she was buying a perfectly harmless dietary supplement.

Used as a weight-loss aid and workout booster, it contained a controversial substance called dimethylamylamine, or DMAA.

This was marketed in a range of products as a ‘natural’ stimulant, apparently derived from geranium, that could increase performance.

But questions were already being asked about the safety of products containing DMAA, after it was found in the bloodstream of two young US soldiers who collapsed and died while training in 2011.

While it was never proved DMAA caused their deaths, the incidents prompted the US Defense Department to ban sale of products containing it from base stores.

Five days after last April’s London Marathon - and in a development completely unrelated to the tragedy of Miss Squires’ death - the US Food and Drug Administration wrote to retailers of products containing DMAA.

The letter said DMAA was “known to narrow the blood vessels and arteries, which can elevate blood pressure and may lead to cardiovascular events ranging from shortness of breath and tightening in the chest to heart attack”.

It went on: “The agency has received 42 adverse event reports on products containing DMAA. While the complaints do not establish that DMAA was the cause of the incidents, some of the reports have included cardiac disorders, nervous system disorders, psychiatric disorders, and death.”

An official said manufacturers and distributors had “a responsibility under the law to provide evidence of the safety of their products”.

USPLabs in Texas, which made Jack3d and another DMAA-containing supplement called Oxy Elite Pro, went on the offensive. It threatened a law suit against a Max Muscle shop owner who described Jack3d as “an amphetamine-like compound” that “speeds up your heart rate”.

Such comments were “false and disparaging” said a lawyer for USPLabs. A judge has since dismissed the case.

In August the Australian government’s Therapeutic Goods Administration banned use of DMAA, saying a mine worker had “died from taking DMAA, which he’d bought over the internet”.

Risks included “high blood pressure, psychiatric disorders, bleeding in the brain and stroke”, said the TGA.

Later that month the UK’s Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency followed suit, ruling that Jack3D - pronounced ‘Jacked’ - was “an unlicensed medicinal product”.

“It and all other DMAA containing products need to be removed from the UK market amid concerns of potential risks to public safety,” said the agency.

David Carter, from the MHRA, said: “These products may claim to increase performance but contain powerful ingredients which can have serious side-effects.”

Last month, USPLabs agreed to settle a class action case in the US regarding Jack3d and Oxy Elite Pro, setting aside $2 million to reimburse those who had bought the products.

However, USPLabs has not admitted liability. It continues to maintain that DMAA is a synthetic copy of geranium extract, a matter debated by scientists.

It has created a reformulated version of Jack3d without DMAA, called Jack3D Micro, but still sells the original in the US.

article source: Stephen Adams Telegraph

UPSLabs Jack3d

Behind The DMAA Supplement Marathoner Claire Squires Used Before She Died

The DMAA-containing performance-enhancing supplement Jack3d has come under the microscope after it was revealed Wednesday that marathoner Claire Squires died last year after using it.

Squires' death at age 30 shocked the global running community last April when she collapsed a mile from the finish line of the 2012 London Marathon. Her death remained unexplained until Wednesday, when coroner Philip Barlow told a court that she had ingested Jack3d before competing in the race, and that the supplement was the most likely cause of her death, according to the Guardian newspaper.

Jack3d, which is made and sold online by the Texas-based company USPLabs (Ultra-Premium Supplements Labs), was legal in England when the coroner says Squires consumed a scoop of it mixed into her water bottle, but it was banned four months later by the country's Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency amid growing controversy, the Guardian reported.

The supplement contains DMAA (1.3-dimethylamylamine), which produces amphetamine-like effects in users, many of whom are not aware of the harmful - even deadly - effects such drugs can have on athletes.

One of those unaware users was Squires' partner, Simon Van Herrewege, who told the Guardian that she had bought the Jack3d powder found in her water bottle online, and that it was advertised on the Web as a workout and weight-loss aid that could provide boosts to energy, concentration, metabolism and athletic performance.

"Claire was always in the gym, where this stuff was being widely talked about," Van Herrewege told the British paper. "She took it a couple of times [while training for the marathon] but didn't really get on with it. She never particularly liked it but wanted to beat her previous marathon time [of just over four hours]. She said she was going to take one scoop, as recommended. In her own words, 'if I hit a bit of a wall, I might take this drink and see if it pushes me through the end of the marathon'."

Little did the couple know that Jack3d contained DMAA, which has been linked to a range of side effects, some of which are life-threatening, according to WebMD:

"Dimethylamylamine is LIKELY UNSAFE when taken by mouth," WebMD says. "Since it is thought to work like a stimulant, there is concern that it might increase the chance of serious side effects such as rapid heartbeat, increase in blood pressure, and increase the chance of having a heart attack or stroke. In clinical research, taking a product containing dimethylamylamine plus other ingredients seems to increase heart rate and blood pressure. There have been several reports of dangerous side effects including stroke, a condition called lactic acidosis, heart attack, and death in people who have taken dimethylamylamine."

Australian officials banned DMAA-containing products after a man died from taking a supplement he purchased online, and in early 2012 the U.S. Defense Department banned it from its stores after two soldiers bought the drug at a military base shop, took it, then died while exercising, according to the Army Times. And DMAA is on the list of supplements currently banned by the World Anti-Doping Agency.

The USPLabs website claims that Jack3d, which it sells online in 8.8-ounce containers for $44.99, is the "subject of 2 peer-reviewed published clinical research studies" and "voted #1 pre-workout," but it is currently out of stock. The unidentified studies are not sourced on the section of the USPLabs site that sells Jack3d.

And a number of "amazing testimonials" are listed on the site, including this one from Zack V. of Rochester, N.Y.:

“USPlabs Jack3d is easily the most intense pre-workout product I have ever used. The amount of energy and focus are perfect, my pumps and vascularity were out of control, but most importantly; I feel great all workout. No crash, no bloat, no headaches, no blow workouts.”

Jack3d - pronounced “jacked” - powder, which is designed to be mixed with water to create a fruity drink, comes in tropical fruit punch, lemon-lime and grape bubblegum flavors.

In a section of the Jack3d page of the USPLabs website called "Directions for Use & Warnings," there is zero mention of any harmful side effects, but the company does provide this disclaimer in an addendum at the very end of its description of the supplement:

"It's mandatory that athletes or anyone subject to testing check with their governing body before using this product. Read the entire label, including directions, precautions & warnings. Tested athletes make up the extreme minority of the American public and have to follow strict rules on what they can and cannot use in competition."

According to the Telegraph newspaper, Jack3d was initially marketed "as a 'natural' stimulant, apparently derived from geranium, that could increase performance."

But last spring the U.S. Food and Drug Administration wrote a letter to retailers selling DMAA-containing products warning them of potential complications.

The letter cautioned that DMAA is "known to narrow the blood vessels and arteries, which can elevate blood pressure and may lead to cardiovascular events ranging from shortness of breath and tightening in the chest to heart attack," according to the Telegraph. “The agency has received 42 adverse event reports on products containing DMAA. While the complaints do not establish that DMAA was the cause of the incidents, some of the reports have included cardiac disorders, nervous system disorders, psychiatric disorders, and death.”

DMAA-containing products including Jack3d are still available for purchase via online retailers based in countries that have not banned the sale of the drug, which is legal to possess in both the U.K. and U.S.

Time will tell if the associated death toll will lead to any further restrictions on DMAA-containing supplements as Squires’ use of Jack3d becomes known.

article source: Connor Sheets on International Business Times

Jack3d

Impact of a Dietary Supplement Containing 1,3-Dimethylamylamine on Blood Pressure and Bloodborne Markers

Impact of a Dietary Supplement Containing 1,3-Dimethylamylamine on Blood Pressure and Bloodborne

Markers of Health - a 10-Week Intervention Study

What is Dimethylamylamine (DMAA)?